![]() J. humile L. – Italian jasmine, Italian yellow jasmine.J. grandiflorum L. – Catalan jasmine, jasmin odorant, royal jasmine, Spanish jasmine. ![]() J. dichotomum Vahl – Gold Coast jasmine.J. beesianum Forrest & Diels – red jasmine.J. auriculatum Vahl – Indian jasmine, needle-flower jasmine.J. adenophyllum Wall. – bluegrape jasmine, pinwheel jasmine, princess jasmine.Jasminum is divided into five sections- Alternifolia, Jasminum, Primulina, Trifoliolata, and Unifoliolata. Species belonging to the genus are classified under the tribe Jasmineae of the olive family ( Oleaceae). The Persian name is also the origin of the genus name, Jasminum. The word entered Middle French around 1570 and was first used in English in 16th century England. The name comes from Old French jessemin, from Persian: یاسمن, romanized: yāsamin which is derived from the Middle Persian word yāsaman and yāsamīn ( يَاسَمِين) in Arabic. Jasminum polyanthum, also known as pink jasmine, is an invasive weed in Australia. Jasminum fluminense (which is sometimes known by the inaccurate name "Brazilian Jasmine") and Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast Jasmine) are invasive species in Hawaii and Florida. For example, the so-called Spanish jasmine ( Jasminum grandiflorum) was originally from West Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Northeast Africa, and East Africa, and is now naturalized in the Iberian peninsula. Several jasmine species have become naturalized in Mediterranean Europe. Their center of diversity is in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Jasmines are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Eurasia, Africa, Australasia and Oceania, although only one of the 200 species is native to Europe. However, natural polyploidy exists, particularly in Jasminum sambac (triploid 3n=39), Jasminum flexile (tetraploid 4n=52), Jasminum mesnyi (triploid 3n=39), and Jasminum angustifolium (tetraploid 4n=52). The basic chromosome number of the genus is 13, and most species are diploid (2n=26). The fruits of jasmines are berries that turn black when ripe. They have two stamens with very short filaments. Each flower has about four to nine petals, two locules, and one to four ovules. The flowers are borne in cymose clusters with a minimum of three flowers, though they can also be solitary on the ends of branchlets. They are white or yellow, although in rare instances they can be slightly reddish. The flowers are typically around 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in diameter. Their leaves are borne in opposing or alternating arrangement and can be of simple, trifoliate, or pinnate formation. Jasmine can be either deciduous (leaves falling in autumn) or evergreen (green all year round), and can be erect, spreading, or climbing shrubs and vines.
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